乐生活[Tusi Tibetan Knife] At an auction recently concluded, a Qing-style Tibetan Tusi Pei Knife with a starting price of 100,000 yuan was sold at a high price of 3.5 million yuan.
This knife is an old collection of Dutch collectors. The fittings are all iron, the knife head is cloudy, with ridges along the edge, a silver gemstone seat in the middle, coral inlaid, and the surface of the knife head is decorated with scrolled gold. Handle wooden wrapped inclined leather (inclined leather is the general name of embossing and tanning millet skin in Ming and Qing Dynasties) is made of disc lattice iron, wrapped with inclined leather, the front sheet is C-shaped, scrolled grass pattern gold decoration, the middle of the disc lattice is decorated with hollow "corpse dolin". The corpse Dolin is decorated with a curved edge round plate, and the inner cotton gold twisted pattern.
This knife is a typical Tibetan chieftain’s knife. It is similar to the shape of the chieftain’s knife worn by Xuanwa Temple in the Palace Museum to offer consolation to Emperor Qianlong. It is one of the relatively complete Tibetan chieftain’s knives known at present. The Tibetan Tusi Pei Dao was unknown more than 20 years ago. Mr. Zhou Wei first published this kind of Pei Dao in his book "Historical Manuscript of Chinese Weapons". However, because of the small image, it did not attract much attention. With the more detailed publication of the Palace Museum information, it was known that the Tibetan disc hand guard Pei Dao was a Tusi Pei Dao.
In May 2011, the Forbidden City, a magazine of the Palace Museum, recorded in the article "Royal Military Equipment of the Qing Dynasty", details of the Tusi’s offering of knives by the Xuansi Chieftain of Wasi (see Note 1 below). "In the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776 AD), the Propaganda Department of Wasi encouraged him to enter with a waist knife." The Qinggong Wubei, published in Hong Kong’s commercial press, records that the knife "bears a leather label, with ink books in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese: Qianlong In Mr. Hu Jianzhong’s article, the chieftain who presented the knife was "Ceyi", and Ceyi was a name with obvious Mongolian pronunciation, not a Tibetan name. According to the chronology of Tusi in Wasi and the biography of 300 Tusi in Qing Dynasty, it is recorded that "in the seventeenth and thirty-sixth years of Qianlong Emperor, the Tusi in Zagu was conquered by Cangwang and Jinchuan, and the Tusi in Sang Langyong contributed to the conquest and appreciated Dai Hualing." It shows that Sang Langyongzhong assisted the court in suppressing Tusi Cangwang in Zagu in the 36th year of Qianlong (1771 A.D.), and that it was the second rebellion of Jinchuan Tusi in the same year. It shows that the Tusi of Wasi assisted the court at the beginning of the second rebellion in Jinchuan. So "Celiang" should be the eighteenth Tusi "Sang Lang Yongzhong", the author speculates that it is possible to translate "Sang Lang" into "Celiang" in the process of compiling the leaflet of the Palace Museum. Wasi Xuanxiu Spai knife head is guinea-shaped, handle wrapped in squid skin, disc lattice, grid decoration of corpse Dolin decoration, corpse Dolin decoration under the flame jewelry decoration, the middle gemstone pedestal inlaid with coral. There is no obvious sheath opening in the Vasi Xuanxiu knife. Instead, it adopts the form of front pressing plate. The upper end of the pressing plate is expanded in an arc and fits with the disc lattice. It extends to the sheath bundle, and the middle part is decorated with gold twining pattern. The sheath bundle is decorated with Cross Diamond pestle pattern. The middle gemstone seat is embedded with coral, and the upper and lower ends of the pestle form sheath bundles, which connect the sheath chamber to hang. In fact, this kind of knife-wearing in Wasi was established much earlier than in Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Ming Xuande De (1426 AD), the head of Tibetan tribe, Joan Bu Sang-lanas Dam, received the Royal invitation to present Buddhist scriptures in Beijing and was well rewarded. Later, it was purported that "Chiyi returns to Tibet, Yongsui is in the south of the desert". In the six years of Ming Ying Zong orthodoxy (1441 A.D.), the court "refused to accept repeated expeditions" because of the rebellions of the Qiang people in Maoxian, Weizhou, Wenchuan and other places in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. The Ming Dynasty took the Tibetan Army of Jombo Sanglanas Dam to suppress and carry out the policy of "governing Fan with Fan, governing Yi with Yi". Because Jombo was old and sick, it requested that his younger brother Rolls in Yongzhong lead the advance expedition, 43 Rolls in Yongzhong lead the army, and 3,150 soldiers rush to Wenchuan and other places after a long march for more than one month. Suppression. "Shiping," the provincial constitution played meritorious deeds, Fengzhao stayed in Tuyu Mountain in Wenchuan County, controlled Qiang Yi on Xigou North Road, planted in Banqiao, Jietou, Keyo, Liutang, Daping, Xiaoping and other mountainous forests, so that they could cultivate and live in pasture. The rest of the soldiers who could not be planted in Tuyu Mountain could be opened by Wen people in Baituba, Heping, Gaokai and Xiaoping villages. The tillers and the ministries of Fuyu are responsible for reclaiming wasteland and providing food. The Ming Dynasty gave him the post of "Warsi Xuanxiu Envoy" and a silver seal and an edict respectively. From then on, Rolls in Yongzhong became the first generation of Warsi Tusi. Wasi Xuanxiu Shipei Dao should be much earlier than Qing Dynasty. Its disc form was derived from the form of Zhibazaar Dao of Yongle sword in the Museum of Royal Leeds Armaments Bureau. The lattice was simplified so as to avoid overstepping. At the same time, it absorbed some shape characteristics of Ming Dynasty Shipei Dao and became the existing style of Tusi Shipei Dao. The Imperial Palace Museum should have Tibetan Wa Dao. It was written after the mid-Ming Dynasty.
This kind of knife is now available in five complete instruments, in addition to the Palace Museum Wa Temple Xuanxiu Spai knife, there are four more complete, are owned by private collectors, this knife position added one. The Metropolitan Museum of the United States and the Royal Museum of Arms in London all have high-level Tibetan knives in China, but none of them have such a complete Tusi knife. Five Tusi Pei Dao lattices adorn the corpse’s Tuolin pattern. This detail is worth discussing. The meaning of the corpse’s Tuolin is "impermanence". Tibetan Buddhism believes that all kinds of methods are impermanent, there are no eternal things in the world, and people also have life, age, illness and death. However, all living beings do not understand the impermanence and persist in paranoia, which eventually leads to the suffering of reincarnation. The corpse of Tuolin reveals that man is ultimately nothing more than a white skeleton, in order to enlighten the world to abandon the persistence of constancy in order to seek relief. This decoration is very rare in sword decoration. So far, it only exists on Tusi Pei Dao. It can be seen that Tibetan Buddhism has a profound influence on sword decoration in Tibet.
This kind of knife is rare in the world. It is an important representative of the shape of Tibetan swords. It is also the unique style formed by Tibetan swords after absorbing Mongolian and Central Plains styles. Its preciousness is indescribable. This knife is the only Tibetan chieftain knife that can be traded at present with its standard shape and excellent craftsmanship.![[奥特曼]](https://www.qd1024.com/igx_h5/m/emoticon/icon/others/d_aoteman-f5e9d757b1.png){kind=icon}
